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<TABLE align=right><TR><TD><FONT face=verdana size=0><A HREF="gramch04.html">CHAPTER 4</A></FONT></TD></TR></TABLE>
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<TABLE cellpadding=5 cellspacing=0 width="90%"><TR><TD CLASS="chtitle">
<FONT COLOR="#FFFFFF">
<CENTER><B>EXERCISES for Chapter 4</B></CENTER></FONT></TD></TR></TABLE><P>

<A NAME="1"></A>
1. Using the Present Perfect tense, fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs shown in brackets. For example:<BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; We ____________ the contest. (to enter)<BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; We <U>have entered</U> the contest.<BR>
<BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; He ____________ the work. (to finish)<BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; He <U>has finished</U> the work.<BR>
<BR>
1. They _______________ a pizza. (to order)<BR>
2. It _______________ to rain. (to start)<BR>
3. You _______________ the question. (to answer)<BR>
4. I _______________ the eggs. (to cook)<BR>
5. We _______________ the sauce. (to heat)<BR>
6. He _______________ the room. (to clean)<BR>
7. She _______________ the car. (to start)<BR>
8. They _______________ on the door. (to knock)<BR>
9. You _______________ on the lights. (to turn)<BR>
10. She _______________ them to come. (to ask)<BR>
<A HREF="#a1">Answers</A>
<A NAME="2"></A>
<BR>
<BR>
2. Rewrite the following sentences, using the contracted form of the 
auxiliary <B>to have</B>. For example:<BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; It has started.<BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; It's started.<BR>
<BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; We have telephoned.<BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; We've telephoned.<BR>
<BR>
1. I have agreed.<BR>
2. You have moved.<BR>
3. He has looked.<BR>
4. We have argued.<BR>
5. They have explained.<BR>
6. You have waited.<BR>
7. She has answered.<BR>
8. We have finished.<BR>
9. It has cooled.<BR>
10. I have ordered.<BR>
<A HREF="#a2">Answers</A>
<A NAME="3"></A>
<BR>
<BR>
3. Paying attention to the spelling of the past participles, fill in the blanks using the Present Perfect tense of the regular verbs shown in brackets. For example:<BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; She _________ hard. (to try)<BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; She <U>has tried</U> hard.<BR>
<BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; He ___________ his friend. (to annoy)<BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; He <U>has annoyed</U> his friend.<BR>
<BR>
1. We _______________ them. (to envy)<BR>
2. She ________________ the clarinet for five years. (to play)<BR>
3. You _________________ for the job. (to apply)<BR>
4. We _______________ the eggs. (to fry)<BR>
5. They _________________ six people. (to employ)<BR>
6. He ________________ the wall with paint. (to spray)<BR>
7. I ________________ home. (to hurry)<BR>
8. They _________________ unusual intelligence. (to display)<BR>
9. It _________________ our chances. (to destroy)<BR>
10. You ________________ on your bicycle. (to rely)<BR>
<A HREF="#a3">Answers</A>
<A NAME="4"></A>
<BR>
<BR>
4. Paying attention to the spelling of the past participles, fill in
the blanks using the Present Perfect tense of the regular verbs shown in brackets. For example:<BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; He __________ the child. (to scare)<BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; He <U>has scared</U> the child.<BR>
<BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; They ____________ the hillside. (to scar)<BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; They <U>have scarred</U> the hillside.<BR>
<BR>
1. She __________________. (to apologize)<BR>
2. I ________________ the soup. (to stir)<BR>
3. It _________________. (to stop)<BR>
4. We _________________ what happened. (to explain)<BR>
5. They __________________ a concert. (to plan)<BR>
6. You ________________ the table. (to wipe)<BR>
7. We _________________ our hopes on you. (to pin)<BR>
8. She _________________ the choir. (to join)<BR>
9. They ________________ an eagle. (to spot)<BR>
10. It ___________ every day. (to rain)<BR>
11. You _______________ the cream. (to whip)<BR>
12. She _______________ everything. (to arrange)<BR>
<A HREF="#a4">Answers</A>
<A NAME="5"></A>
<BR>
<BR>
5. Keeping in mind that the ending <B>ed</B> forms a separate syllable only when it follows the letter <B>d</B> or <B>t</B>, indicate the number of syllables in each of the following past participles. Read each of the the past participles aloud. For example:<BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; __ pained<BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <U>1</U> pained<BR>
<BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; __ painted<BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; <U>2</U> painted<BR>
<BR>
1. ___ waited<BR>
2. ___ wailed<BR>
3. ___ pinned<BR>
4. ___ printed<BR>
5. ___ acted<BR>
6. ___ added<BR>
7. ___ wanted<BR>
8. ___ warned<BR>
9. ___ raced<BR>
10. ___ rated<BR>
11. ___ joined<BR>
12. ___ jumped<BR>
13. ___ folded<BR>
14. ___ frowned<BR>
15. ___ passed<BR>
16. ___ patted<BR>
17. ___ raided<BR>
18. ___ rained<BR>
19. ___ stared<BR>
20. ___ started<BR>
<A HREF="#a5">Answers</A>
<A NAME="6"></A>
<BR>
<BR>
6. Referring to the table of <A HREF="gramirr.html">irregular verbs</A> if necessary, fill in the blanks with the Present Perfect tense of the irregular verbs shown in brackets. For example:<BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; They _________ tall. (to grow)<BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; They <U>have grown</U> tall.<BR>
<BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; He __________ it. (to choose)<BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; He <U>has chosen</U> it.<BR>
<BR>
1. We _____________ lunch. (to eat)<BR>
2. I ______________ the floor. (to sweep)<BR>
3. She ______________ in a choir. (to sing)<BR>
4. They ______________ to work. (to go)<BR>
5. You ______________ your way. (to lose)<BR>
6. He _____________ earlier than usual. (to rise)<BR>
7. We ______________ to everyone. (to speak)<BR>
8. I ______________ the kingfisher. (to see)<BR>
9. They _________ each other a long time. (to know)<BR>
10. She _______________ here from France. (to fly)<BR>
11. He ______________ very helpful. (to be)<BR>
12. I _______________ the blue cloth. (to cut)<BR>
13. We ______________ two letters. (to write)<BR>
14. They _______________ the competition. (to win)<BR>
15. She ________________ no one. (to tell)<BR>
16. It _______________ a long time. (to take)<BR>
17. You ________________ to do it. (to forget)<BR>
18. I ________________ it. (to hear)<BR>
19. They _______________ town. (to leave)<BR>
20. He ________________ the problem. (to understand)<BR>
<A HREF="#a6">Answers</A>
<A NAME="7"></A>
<BR>
<BR>
7. Following the model of the examples, rewrite the following
affirmative statements as questions, negative statements, negative
questions without contractions, negative questions with contractions,
and affirmative statements followed by negative tag questions. For example:<BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; I have read this book.<BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Have I read this book?<BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; I have not read this book.<BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Have I not read this book?<BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Haven't I read this book?<BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; I have read this book, haven't I?<BR>
<BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; He has found the answer.<BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Has he found the answer?<BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; He has not found the answer.<BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Has he not found the answer?<BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Hasn't he found the answer?<BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; He has found the answer, hasn't he?<BR>
<BR>
1. They have eaten the cookies.<BR>
2. She has told the truth.<BR>
3. He has run fast.<BR>
4. We have watered the plants.<BR>
5. You have hurried.<BR>
<A HREF="#a7">Answers</A>
<A NAME="8"></A>
<BR>
<BR>
8. Paying attention to the spelling of the present participles, fill in the blanks using the correct forms of the verbs shown in brackets. For example:<BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; I ________________ all night. (to work)<BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; I <U>have been working</U> all night.<BR>
<BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; She ___________________ the trumpet. (to practise)<BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; She <U>has been practising</U> the trumpet.<BR>
<BR>
1. We ______________________ for you. (to wait)<BR>
2. They __________________________ a race. (to run)<BR>
3. He ___________________________ a book. (to read)<BR>
4. You ___________________________ a letter. (to write)<BR>
5. I __________________________ the table. (to set)<BR>
6. It __________________________ for hours. (to rain)<BR>
7. We __________________________ here for three years. (to live)<BR>
8. She ____________________________ to us. (to speak)<BR>
9. You ___________________________ presents. (to buy)<BR>
10. They ___________________________ a trip. (to plan)<BR>
<A HREF="#a8">Answers</A>
<A NAME="9"></A>
<BR>
<BR>
9. Following the model of the example, rewrite the following two
affirmative statements as questions, negative statements, negative
questions without contractions, negative questions with contractions,
and affirmative statements followed by negative tag questions. For example:<BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; They have been enjoying themselves.<BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Have they been enjoying themselves?<BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; They have not been enjoying themselves.<BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Have they not been enjoying themselves?<BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Haven't they been enjoying themselves?<BR>
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; They have been enjoying themselves, haven't they?<BR>
<BR>
1. It has been snowing.<BR>
2. You have been visiting your friends.<BR>
<A HREF="#a9">Answers</A>
<BR>

&nbsp;<BR>
<TABLE cellpadding=5 cellspacing=0 width="90%"><TR><TD CLASS="chtitle">
<FONT COLOR="#FFFFFF">
<CENTER><B>ANSWERS TO THE EXERCISES for Chapter 4</B></CENTER></FONT></TD></TR></TABLE><P>
<A NAME="a1"></A>
Answers to <A HREF="#1">Exercise 1</A>:<BR>
1. have ordered 2. has started 3. have answered 4. have cooked 
5. have heated 6. has cleaned 7. has started 8. have knocked 
9. have turned 10. has asked<BR>
<BR>
<A NAME="a2"></A>
Answers to <A HREF="#2">Exercise 2</A>:<BR>
1. I've agreed. 2. You've moved. 3. He's looked. 4. We've argued. 
5. They've explained. 6. You've waited. 7. She's answered. 8. We've
finished. 9. It's cooled. 10. I've ordered.<BR>
<BR>
<A NAME="a3"></A>
Answers to <A HREF="#3">Exercise 3</A>:<BR>
1. have envied 2. has played 3. have applied 4. have fried 
5. have employed 6. has sprayed 7. have hurried 8. have displayed 
9. has destroyed 10. have relied<BR>
<BR>
<A NAME="a4"></A>
Answers to <A HREF="#4">Exercise 4</A>:<BR>
1. has apologized 2. have stirred 3. has stopped 4. have explained
5. have planned 6. have wiped 7. have pinned 8. has joined 9. have
spotted 10. has rained 11. have whipped 12. has arranged<BR>
<BR>
<A NAME="a5"></A>
Answers to <A HREF="#5">Exercise 5</A>:<BR>
1. <U>2</U> 2. <U>1</U> 3. <U>1</U> 4. <U>2</U> 5. <U>2</U> 6. <U>2</U> 7. <U>2</U> 8. <U>1</U> 9. <U>1</U> 10. <U>2</U> 11. <U>1</U> 12. <U>1</U> 13. <U>2</U> 14. <U>1</U> 15. <U>1</U> 16. <U>2</U> 17. <U>2</U> 18. <U>1</U> 19. <U>1</U> 20. <U>2</U><BR>
<BR>
<A NAME="a6"></A>
Answers to <A HREF="#6">Exercise 6</A>:<BR>
1. have eaten 2. have swept 3. has sung 4. have gone 5. have 
lost 6. has risen 7. have spoken 8. have seen 9. have known 
10. has flown 11. has been 12. have cut 13. have written 14. have 
won 15. has told 16. has taken 17. have forgotten 18. have heard 
19. have left 20. has understood<BR>
<BR>
<A NAME="a7"></A>
Answers to <A HREF="#7">Exercise 7</A>:<BR>
1. Have they eaten the cookies? They have not eaten the cookies. 
Have they not eaten the cookies? Haven't they eaten the cookies? 
They have eaten the cookies, haven't they?<BR>
2. Has she told the truth? She has not told the truth. 
Has she not told the truth? Hasn't she told the truth? 
She has told the truth, hasn't she?<BR>
3. Has he run fast? He has not run fast. Has he not run fast? 
Hasn't he run fast? He has run fast, hasn't he?<BR>
4. Have we watered the plants? We have not watered the plants. 
Have we not watered the plants? Haven't we watered the plants? 
We have watered the plants, haven't we?<BR>
5. Have you hurried? You have not hurried. Have you not hurried? 
Haven't you hurried? You have hurried, haven't you?<BR>
<BR>
<A NAME="a8"></A>
Answers to <A HREF="#8">Exercise 8</A>:<BR>
1. have been waiting 2. have been running 3. has been reading 
4. have been writing 5. have been setting 6. has been raining 
7. have been living 8. has been speaking 9. have been buying 
10. have been planning<BR>
<BR>
<A NAME="a9"></A>
Answers to <A HREF="#9">Exercise 9</A>:<BR>
1. Has it been snowing? It has not been snowing. Has it not been
snowing? Hasn't it been snowing? It has been snowing, hasn't it?<BR>
2. Have you been visiting your friends? You have not been visiting your friends. Have you not been visiting your friends? Haven't you been visiting your friends? You have been visiting your friends, haven't you?<BR>
<BR>

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